Part 1 General Aircraft Structure with Accordance to Airworthiness  1

1.1 Specifics of Civil Aircraft  1

1.1.1 The flight performances of the aircraft  1

1.1.2 Aerodynamic and strength performances  13

1.1.3 Design process and airworthiness requirements  24

1.1.4 Aircraft classification by functions  26

1.1.5 Weight calculation by statistical data  28

1.2 Classification of Aircrafts on Aerodynamic Configuration and Designing Feature 30

1.2.1 Classification by the wing arrangement in vertical and horizontal planes  30

1.2.2 Classification by the aircraft units arrangement (tail unit, engines,landing gear, etc.) 36

1.3 General Requirements to Aircraft Structure  49

1.3.1 General requirements to the aircraft 49

1.3.2 Main stages of aircraft cyclic life  53

1.4 General Knowledge About Wings  63

1.4.1 Purpose of the wing and requirements to it 63

1.4.2 Geometrical parameters and different shapes of the wing 67

1.4.3 Main structural members of the wing  71

1.4.4 Load-carry structure of the wing  77

1.5 Tail Unit of the Aircraft 82

1.5.1 Purpose of the tail unit and requirements to it  82

1.5.2 Geometrical parameters and different shapes of a tail unit  86

1.5.3 Load-carry structure of the tail unit  91

1.6 Control Surfaces and High-lift Devices (CS&HLD) of the Aircraft  95

1.6.1 Purpose of CS&HLD and requirements to it  95

1.6.2 Geometrical parameters of CS&HLD  101

1.6.3 Load-carry structure of H-LD and CS  110

1.7 Fuselage of the Aircraft  111

1.7.1 Purpose of the fuselage and requirements to it 111

1.7.2 Geometrical parameters and different shapes of the fuselage 130

1.7.3 Load-carry structure of the fuselage  134

1.8 Other Structural Members of the Aircraft 141

1.8.1 Purpose and specific requirements for the landing gear  141

1.8.2 Configuration of the landing gear  148

1.8.3 Purpose and specific requirements for the control system  172

1.8.4 Classification of the control system  178

Questions  194

Part 2 Conformity Verification and Validation of Aircraft Power Plant System 195

2.1 Definition of Concept Power Plant  195

2.1.1 General questions  195

2.1.2 Aviation power plant improvement directions  200

2.1.3 Over-all technical requirements to

aircraft power plants  204

2.1.4 Requirements to aircraft power plants in airworthiness  205

2.2 Classification of Power Plants (Types of Aircraft Engines and Their Arrangement on Aircraft  214

2.2.1 General analysis of aircraft engine types

and areas of their application  214

2.2.2 Auxiliary power unit 224

2.2.3 Engine selection  224

2.2.4 Number of Engines  225

2.2.5 Analysis of scheme of engine arrangement on aircraft  227

2.3 Engine Mounts  239

2.3.1 General information  239

2.3.2 Requirements to engine mount  241

2.3.3 Airframes of engine mounts 243

2.4 Fuel Systems of Power Plant  255

2.4.1 Purpose of fuel systems and requirements to them  255

2.4.2 Aviation fuels and their properties  270

2.4.3 Structure of fuel systems  274

2.4.4 Layouts of fuel system  274

2.4.5 Calculations of fuel systems 278

2.4.6 Venting and pressurization of fuel system  286

2.4.7 Designing the scheme and calculation of fuel dump system  291

2.4.8 Fueling system  294

2.4.9 Structural components of fuel system  296

2.5 Lubrication Systems of Power Plants 305

2.5.1 Purpose of lubrication systems and requirements 305

2.5.2 Aviation oils  310

2.5.3 General characteristics of lubrication systems  311

2.5.4 Lubrication system schemes (methods of separation air from oil) 313

2.5.5 Calculation of lubrication system  320

2.5.6 Oil cooling, coolers  322

2.5.7 Oil tank structure  324

2.6 Nacelles and Cowlings of Engines  326

2.6.1 Purpose and components of nacelles and cowlings  326

2.6.2 Airframe of nacelles for various types of engines  330

2.7 Air-Intakes  332

2.7.1 Air suction system, its purpose, requirements and components  332

2.7.2 Air intake classification 335

2.7.3 Designing model and design algorithm of subsonic air intakes  338

2.7.4 Subsonic air intake design 341

2.8 Exhaust Units of Power Plants  342

2.8.1 Exhaust units, their purpose, requirements and structure 342

2.8.2 Types of exhaust  345

2.8.3 Thrust reverse devices, their Purpose and Requirements(types of thrust reverse devices) 347

2.8.4 Aircraft noise sources. noise abatement procedures 349

2.9 Vibrations of Power Plants. Shock-Absorption of Engine Mounts  351

2.9.1 Airworthiness about powerplant vibrations  351

2.9.2 Common information about aircraft engines ribrations  352

2.9.3 Stiffness of engine mounts  355

2.9.4 Shock-absorption of engine mounts 358

2.9.5 Design of shock absorbers  359

Questions  361

References  362