C++程序設(shè)計(jì)教程

第1章 概述 ..............................................................................................................................................................1

1.1.計(jì)算機(jī)中的數(shù)制與編碼....................................................................................................................................1

1.1.1.數(shù)制與數(shù)制轉(zhuǎn)換........................................................................................................................................1

1.1.2.計(jì)算機(jī)中的數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù).................................................................................................................................2

1.2.程序設(shè)計(jì)方法...................................................................................................................................................4

1.2.1　傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................................4

1.2.2.面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì).................................................................................................................................5

1.3.算法的概念及表示方法....................................................................................................................................5

1.3.1.算法的概念................................................................................................................................................5

1.3.2.算法的表示方法........................................................................................................................................6

1.4.程序設(shè)計(jì)語言的發(fā)展........................................................................................................................................6

1.4.1.程序設(shè)計(jì)語言的演變.................................................................................................................................6

1.4.2.程序設(shè)計(jì)語言處理系統(tǒng).............................................................................................................................7

1.4.3.C語言和面向?qū)ο蟮腃++語言....................................................................................................................8

1.5.一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的C++程序.........................................................................................................................................9

1.6.C++程序的編寫與實(shí)現(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................................10

1.7.使用Visual C++開發(fā)C++程序 .........................................................................................................................11

習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................................................................................14

第2章 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型及表達(dá)式 ...............................................................................................................................15

2.1　詞法符號(hào) ........................................................................................................................................................15

2.1.1　字符集.....................................................................................................................................................15

2.1.2　標(biāo)識(shí)符.....................................................................................................................................................15

2.1.3　關(guān)鍵字.....................................................................................................................................................16

2.2.基本數(shù)據(jù)類型 .................................................................................................................................................16

2.3　常量與變量 .....................................................................................................................................................17

2.3.1　常量.........................................................................................................................................................17

2.3.2　變量.........................................................................................................................................................21

2.3.3　變量的賦值與初始化...............................................................................................................................22

2.4　運(yùn)算符與表達(dá)式 .............................................................................................................................................23

2.4.1　表達(dá)式.....................................................................................................................................................25

2.4.2　算術(shù)運(yùn)算符..............................................................................................................................................25

2.4.3　復(fù)合的賦值運(yùn)算符...................................................................................................................................26

2.4.4　自增、自減運(yùn)算符...................................................................................................................................27

2.4.5　逗號(hào)運(yùn)算符..............................................................................................................................................28

2.4.6　常用數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)..........................................................................................................................................28

2.4.7　類型轉(zhuǎn)換..................................................................................................................................................28

習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................................................................................30

第3章 結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................................................................................33

3.1.C++基本語句 ..................................................................................................................................................33

3.2　輸入與輸出 .....................................................................................................................................................34

3.2.1　數(shù)據(jù)的輸出..............................................................................................................................................34

3.2.2.數(shù)據(jù)的輸入..............................................................................................................................................35

3.3　順序結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................................................37

3.3.1　簡(jiǎn)單程序的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...............................................................................................................................37

3.3.2　順序結(jié)構(gòu)程序舉例...................................................................................................................................37

3.4　選擇結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................................................41

3.4.1　關(guān)系運(yùn)算符與關(guān)系表達(dá)式.......................................................................................................................41

3.4.2.邏輯運(yùn)算符與邏輯表達(dá)式.......................................................................................................................42

3.4.3　用if語句實(shí)現(xiàn)選擇結(jié)構(gòu).............................................................................................................................44

3.4.4.if語句的嵌套形式....................................................................................................................................50

3.4.5　switch語句...............................................................................................................................................52

3.4.6　條件運(yùn)算符與條件表達(dá)式.......................................................................................................................58

3.5　循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................................................59

3.5.1　while語句.................................................................................................................................................60

3.5.2　do-while語句...........................................................................................................................................64

3.5.3　for語句.....................................................................................................................................................67

3.5.4　break語句................................................................................................................................................70

3.5.5　continue語句............................................................................................................................................74

3.5.6　循環(huán)的嵌套..............................................................................................................................................75

3.5.7　三種循環(huán)語句的比較...............................................................................................................................80

3.6　循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)程序舉例 .........................................................................................................................................80

習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................................................................................86